[Debatte-Grundeinkommen] [Fwd: BIEN NewsFlash 36, November 2005]
Katrin Mohr
kmohr at gwdg.de
Mo Dez 5 14:59:53 CET 2005
-------- Original Message --------
Subject: BIEN NewsFlash 36, November 2005
Date: Mon, 05 Dec 2005 11:38:50 +0100
From: Yannick Vanderborght <vanderborght at etes.ucl.ac.be>
To: bien at basicincome.org
BIEN - BASIC INCOME EARTH NETWORK
www.basicincome.org
The Basic Income Earth Network was founded in 1986 as the Basic Income
European Network. It expanded its scope from Europe to the Earth in 2004.
It serves as a link between individuals and groups committed to or
interested in basic income, and fosters informed discussion on this topic
throughout the world.
_____
NewsFlash 36, November 2005
Newsletter Editor: Yannick Vanderborght (vanderborght at etes.ucl.ac.be)
The present NewsFlash has been prepared with the help of Markus Blümel,
David Casassas, Benoît Dubreuil, Per Janson, Corina Rodríguez Enríquez,
Eduardo Suplicy, Monika Thalhammer, Philippe Van Parijs, and KarlWiderquist.
CONTENTS
1. Editorial
2. Events
*VIENNA (AT), 7-9 October 2005: Basic Income Congress.
*BUENOS AIRES (AG), 5 November 2005: Annual Meeting of the Argentinian
Basic Income Network.
*BRASILIA (BR), 6 November 2005: Suplicy meets Bush during Brazil-United
States Summit
*PHILADELPHIA (US), 24-26 February 2006: The Fifth Congress of USBIG
3. Glimpses of national debates
*CANADA: PROSPERITY BONUS IN ALBERTA
*CANADA: BASIC INCOME RESURFACES IN QUEBEC
*CANADA: MAJOR PRIVATE BANK RECOMMENDS A REFUNDABLE TAX CREDIT
*DENMARK: LOW POLITICAL FEASIBILITY FOR BASIC INCOME
*FRANCE: THIRTY IDEAS FOR THE LEFT
*FRANCE: FEDERALIST PARTY IN FAVOUR OF AN "EXISTENCE INCOME"
*SOUTH AFRICA: PROTESTERS CALL FOR A BASIC INCOME FOR ALL
*THE NETHERLANDS: GREEN PARTY SUPPORTS A MORE ACTIVE WELFARE STATE
*UNITED KINGDOM: DEBATE ON A CITIZEN'S PENSION SYSTEM
*UNITED STATES: ALASKA DIVIDEND IS GETTING INCREASING ATTENTION
4. Publications
*French
*German
*English
5. New Links
*Italian
*German
6. About the Basic Income Earth Network
_____
1. EDITORIAL
On November 2-4, 2006, BIEN will hold its first International Conference
since it turned to the worldwide "Basic Income Earth Network". The event
will take place in Cape Town, South Africa. More details in the next issue
of our NewsFlashes.
In the meanwhile, BIEN's Executive Commitee is delighted to announce that
members of one of its most active components, the U.S. Basic Income
Guarantee Network (USBIG), have just edited a major volume on the ethics
and economics of basic income (see Publications section below). The editors
Widerquist, Lewis, and Pressman have collected stimulating essays on
various aspects of the idea, and have included a whole section devoted to
basic income debates outside of the USA. In his appraisal of the essay,
Philippe Van Parijs, chair of BIEN's international board and former
Secretary of the network, write the following: "Yes, a different world is
possible, and it will include basic income security for all. But it will
not come about without a thorough discussion involving a broad range of
scholars, determined to look beyond the borders of their discipline and
their nation, and eager to learn from the failures of the past. This is
precisely the sort of collective effort which this book splendidly
illustrates."
This is, no doubt, the sort of collective effort that will allow BIEN to
remain a lively network.
BIEN's Executive Committee
2. EVENTS
*VIENNA (AT), 7-9 October 2005: Basic Income Congress.
This first German-language congress entirely devoted to basic income was a
truly impressive event. Jointly sponsored by the Austrian Network for Basic
Income and Social Cohesion, the German basic income network, ATTAC Germany,
and ATTAC Austria, locally organized (like BIEN's 1996 Vienna congress) by
the Katholische Sozialakademie, it gathered over three hundred people,
essentially from Austria, Germany and Switzerland, for two full days of
intense exchanges, some in plenary sessions, others in parallel sessions
and even, one evening, in the form of "philosophical cafes" in several of
Vienna's famous cafes. The congress received good Press coverage. On the
first evening, after a panel which enabled each of the organizing networks
to introduce itself, Philippe Van Parijs (Louvain and Harvard) gave an
opening lecture. This was followed by another panel in which Margit Appel
(from from the Austrian Network the coordinator of the congress - and
the Katholische Sozialakademie) stressed the liberating virtue of basic
income, especially for women. She argued that technological progress makes
it possible to gradually replace human labor. Since the notion of "full
employment" is not viable anymore, an unconditional basic income at the
highest level should be introduced. Harald Rein (from the German unemployed
movement) explained how basic income has emerged in the public debate as an
alternative to full employment, while Emmerich Tálos (University ofVienna)
remained unconvinced and restated the case for a needs-oriented (and hence
means-tested) social protection. The second day was entirely devoted to
parallel workshops. And on the final morning, the concluding session
gathered the Swiss feminist theologian Ursula Knecht-Kaiser and Senator
Eduardo Suplicy, co-chair of BIEN, who managed to get the congress to close
with the assembly singing "Blowing in the wind" under the leadership of
Margit Appel (chief coordinator of the congress) and himself.
Whether in plenaries or in parallel sessions, the congress did not evade
some thorny questions, such as why the Trade Unions do not support a
proposal that, at least at first sight, would seem to strengthen their
bargaining power, or whether an unconditional basic income involves the
risk that unemployed people are made to understand that society has no use
for them. Particularly striking were the active participation of
representatives of unemployed movements and the speed with which the idea
of an unconditional basic income turned out to have spread in recent years
in both Germany and Austria. Two new introductory books (Attach Germany's
Grundeinkommen: bedingungslos, and Vanderborght and Van Parijs's Ein
Grundeinkommen für alle? were published so as to be ready for thecongress.
The coordinator of the German network also announced that the September
2005 German election sent at least three active basic income supporters to
the federal Parliament, including (for the Linkspartei) Katja Kipping,
initiator of the network. And the event was extensively covered by the
national Austrian and German press. Thus, the Austrian national daily Die
Presse devoted two pages to the theme, including a front page headline
announcing that the socialist mayor of Vienna Michael Häupl expressed his
sympathy for the idea: "After the [imminent municipal] election", he told
the newspaper, "I shall strongly express my interest for such a basic
income system, because the existing system of social assistance, family
assistance and the like is opaque and smells of the charity state of the
past." Germany's Tageszeitung (close to the Greens) and Neues Deutschland
(close to the new "Left Party") also covered the event extensively, the
Stuttgarter Zeitung carried an article, and several in-depth radio
interviews and dossiers were broadcast.
*BUENOS AIRES (AG), 5 November 2005: Annual Meeting of the Argentinian
Basic Income Network.
The Red Argentina de Ingreso Ciudadano (REDAIC, Argentine Basic Income
Network) held its first Annual Meeting on November 5th at the Faculty of
Economics of the University of Buenos Aires. It was an open meeting to
discuss key issues regarding the Basic Income debate in Argentina. The
meeting consisted of two sessions. The first one, on "Basic Income andReal
Freedom", consisted of presentations by María Julia Bertomeu, aresearcher
from the Universidad Nacional de La Plata and CONICET (National Council of
Scientific and Technical Research) and Cristian Pérez Muñoz, aresearcher
from the Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay. The first
session was coordinated by Elsa Gil, REDAIC secretary. The second session,
on "Basic Income, Work and Labour" consisted of presentations by the
participation of Noemí Giosa Zuazúa, a researcher from the Centro
Interdisciplinario para el Estudio de Políticas Públicas (CIEPP,
Interdisciplinary Center for the Study of Public Policies) and Corina
Rodríguez Enríquez, a researcher from CIEPP and CONICET. The secondsession
was coordinated by Rubén Lo Vuolo, president of REDAIC. The main
conclusions from the debates which took place at the meeting will be soon
available on www.ingresociudadano.org
*BRASILIA (BR), 6 November 2005: Suplicy meets Bush during Brazil-United
States Summit
On November 6, 2005, US President George W. Bush met Brazilian President
Lula da Silva in the Brazilian capital Brasilia. Just after his 22 minutes
conference on the very same day, President Bush had a short conversation
with Brazilian Senator and co-chair of BIEN Eduardo Matarazzo Suplicy.
According to a Press release that has been sent by Suplicy to The New York
Times, Rolling Stone, as well as to BIEN and USBIG Newsletter editors, the
following brief but interesting conversation took place:
SUPLICY: "I am Senator Eduardo Suplicy, from the Worker's Party. With
respect to the integration of the Americas we should have the purpose of
not only to have the free movement of capital, goods and services, without
any barriers, but also and mainly of what is most important, that is, of
human beings from Alaska to the Patagonia. More than that we should also
have what you already have in Alaska with much success, a citizen's basic
income to all residents in that State."
BUSH: "Well, in Alaska they have lots of oil"
SUPLICY: "But we may have a basic income from all the forms of wealth that
are created. I would like to suggest that in order to create the conditions
for real peace based on justice in Iraq that we should stimulate the
Iraqians to follow the example of Alaska that pays every year a basic
income to all residents living in that State in the form of dividends that
result from the Alaska Permanent Fund."
BUSH (assertively): "We are working on that! We are working on that! Thank
you."
This is not the first time that Eduardo Suplicy is defending the idea of a
Permanent Fund Dividend in Iraq. On May 26, 2003, just after the Brazilian
Sergio Vieira de Mello was nominated the Coordinator of the United Nations
Actions in Irak, Suplicy wrote to him suggesting that he could advise the
Iraqians to follow the example of the Alaskans in order to create real
conditions of justice, equity, freedom and peace among the people after
such a long time of disruption, violence and war. In his letter, which he
wrote as the president of the Foreign Relations and National Defense
Committee of the Brazilian Senate, he explained to Vieira de Mello how the
idea had evolved in Alaska.
For further information on the Alaska Permanent Fund Dividend ($845.76 in
2005): http://www.pfd.state.ak.us/
See also "United States" in the Section "Glimpses of National Debates"below.
*PHILADELPHIA (US), 24-26 February 2006: The Fifth Congress of the U.S.
Basic Income Guarantee Network
The Fifth Congress of the U.S. Basic Income Guarantee Network will be held
in conjunction with the Eastern Economic Association (EEA) Annual
Conference in Philadelphia at the Loews Hotel, 1200 Market Street
Philadelphia, Friday February 24 to Sunday February 26, 2006. The general
theme shall be: "Resources and Rights". The Congress is co-sponsored by
USBIG and the Citizen Policies Institute. The deadline for submissions was
October 29, 2005. The program includes twelve sessions and more than forty
speakers. A tentative schedule has been posted on USBIG's webiste
http://www.usbig.net/.
3. GLIMPSES OF NATIONAL DEBATES
*CANADA: PROSPERITY BONUS IN ALBERTA
The government of Alberta (Canada) has announced that citizens of the
province will start seeing their 400 CAN$ per-person Alberta 2005 Resource
Rebate cheques (294.5 Euros) in mailboxes in January 2006. Returning some
of this year's higher than anticipated oil-revenues to Albertans is just
one part of the province's plan for this year's strong revenues. Its
strategy also includes infrastructure investment and savings in endowments.
"A typical family of four will receive 1,600 CAN$ tax free with this
program," Finance Minister Shirley McClellan said. "Albertans work hard and
contribute to the strength of the province. Alberta has eliminated the
accumulated debt, invested in priority programs, and sustained the lowest
overall tax burden in Canada. This is money Albertans can use for
themselves, to spend or save as they see fit."
To receive the rebate, one must have been an Alberta resident on September
1, 2005 and have filed a 2004 Canadian tax return. Children whose families
already receive the Canada Child Tax Benefit or the Alberta Family
Employment Tax Credit automatically qualify, and payments will go to the
primary caregiver, usually the mother. Most children are registered, but
those parents who have never done so must complete a form available on the
Canada Revenue Agency website.
Albertans have until December 2006 to register for the Canada Child Tax
Benefit or file their 2004 tax returns and still receive the rebate.
Supplementary cheque runs will follow to address these and other special
cases.
"This is a huge administrative task, and we must make sure it is done
right," said Minister McClellan. "Some oversights can be expected in a
project of this size, but the vast majority of Albertans will receive the
rebate without problems." Administrative costs will be under 10 million
CAN$, less than one per cent of the program cost.
The resource rebate will total between 1.3 billion CAN$ and 1.4 billion
CAN$. The majority of the higher than expected revenue will be allocated to
infrastructure and savings.
For further information: www.gov.ab.ca or the official "Surplus" website:
http://www.gov.ab.ca/home/albertasurplus/
*CANADA: BASIC INCOME RESURFACES IN QUEBEC
On October 19, 2005, an informal group of prominent intellectuals,
including the former Prime Minister of Quebec Lucien Bouchard, published a
much-discussed manifesto on the future of the Province. In "Pour un Québec
lucide" ("Clear-eyed vision of Quebec"), they argue that despite its
economic growth Quebec is facing unprecedented challenges, partly due to
its very low fertility rate. The authors suggest a few paths of reform,
including massive investments in education and innovation, and a
substantial tax reform. They also argue for a basic income: "Québec could
also consider creating a guaranteed minimum income plan. This plan would
make direct transfers to each citizen and would replace several existing
programs for redistributing income (...). Such a system would have the
advantage of reducing the cumbersome bureaucracy required to administer
multiple, complex programs. The Québec model is founded on the ideal of
social solidarity that we espouse with conviction. We are also convinced
that if it is to be put into practice, this solidarity must be efficient."
(Available in English and French at http://www.pourunquebeclucide.com)
In a column which was published in the French-language daily "La Presse"
(Montréal) on October 26, 2005, Camille Bouchard, a member of theQuebecois
provincial parliament ("Assemblée nationale") and a figure of the
nationalist "Parti Québécois", criticizes the guaranteed minimum income
plan. She argues that a substantial basic income might prove incompatible
with the neo-liberal proposals included in the other sections of the
manifesto, and put its feasibility into question (see
http://www.politiquessociales.net/Docs/pourunquebeccoherent.htm)
Within the "Parti Quebecois" itself, basic income was recently endorsed by
two of the candidates to the direction of the party, Pauline Marois and, in
a more vigorous way, Gilbert Paquette. In a short but detailed document,
Paquette argues for a "revenu de citoyenneté" (a citizen's income), which
he sees as a major reform to be implemented in an independant Quebec (see
http://www.gilbertpaquette.org/solidarite_lutte_pauvrete.htm).
*CANADA: MAJOR PRIVATE BANK RECOMMENDS A REFUNDABLE TAX CREDIT
In its Sept.-Oct. 2005 Newsletter, USBIG reported that one of Canada's
largest private banks had recommanded a basic income. Toronto's TD Bank
Financial Group is a prominent member of the Task Force for Modernizing
Income Security for Working Age Adults (MISWAA). The MISWAA Task Force was
launched last year by the Toronto City Summit Alliance (TCSA) and Toronto's
St. Christopher House to identify failings in the present income security
system and recommend a road map for change. The Task Force is composed of
leaders from the business, academic, government and non-profit sectors,
including those with first-hand experience dealing with income security
issues. A new report prepared by TD Economics on behalf of this Task Force
highlights the need for broad-based income security reform in Canada.
According to a Press release which was published by TD Bank Financial Group
on September 8, 2005, the report includes a critique of current welfare
programmes, which give recipients little financial incentive to get off
social assistance. Accordingly, two alternatives should be considered: a
working income supplement and a refundable tax credit for all low-income
adults. "It's not a perfect solution", TD's Senior Vice President andchief
economist Don Drummond argues: "there would be a net cost, and because both
measures would need to be income-tested, they would raise marginal
effective tax rates over some range of income. But, if properly designed,
the two measures would take some of the pressure off welfare to shore up
the financial security of low-income adults. And, they would have the
virtue of doing so through anonymous, rules-based programs that are free of
the stigma and intrusive administrative oversight that go along with
discretionary programs like welfare."
The report can be downloaded at
http://www.td.com/economics/special/welfare05.pdf
*DENMARK: LOW POLITICAL FEASIBILITY FOR BASIC INCOME
In Denmark the flat tax proposal has been repeatedly debated in recent
months. According to BIEN-Denmark (Borgerlønsbevægelsen), a liberalthink
tank called CEPHOS held a conference on this idea on June 28, 2005. A
number of liberal politicians have expressed some interest in the idea, but
the Danish minister of Taxation has, so far, rejected it. One of the
pioneers of the Danish Basic Income debate, former professor in economics
Gunnar Thorlund Jepsen, University of Aarhus, wrote a thought-provoking
feature article entitled 'Flad skat og borgerydelse' ('Flat Tax and
Citizens Income', in Jyllandsposten, August 8, 2005), in which he supported
the idea of a flat tax, while also pointing to the fact that it should be
combined with some sort of Citizen's income. But it did not lead to any
further debate.
In November 2005 the physician Ellen Ryg Olsen published a book entitled
'Syge påtvangsarbejde om behandling af førtidspensionsansøgere'('Sick
People in Forced Labour Treatment of Disability Retirement Benefit
Applicants), documenting the pressure from the state and municipal
authorities that is put on sick, worn-out and expelled people, with the
purpose of having them go through work test assessments, so that they can
be integrated in the job market. One of her suggestions, as an alternative
to this system, is an unconditional basic income. Olsen argues that such a
reform will allow to eliminate the current system of clientization and
reduce state bureaucracy.
The welfare debate in Denmark is otherwise dominated by the fact that The
Danish Welfare Commission (appointed by the government) will be delivering
its final report on December 7, 2005. Based on preliminary reports it is
expected that the commission will recommend a discontinuation of the Danish
early retirement benefit system and a raising of the pension age with a
view to increase the number of people in the job market. The reason for
this is that demographic statistical projections indicate a decrease in the
number of individuals in the labour force. Further it is expected that they
will propose the establishing of a more selective welfare state, for
instance through increased user charge. An Alternative Welfare Commission
(appointed by various labour unions and grassroot organisations) has
already published an alternative report called 'Velfærdssamfundetsfremtid'
('The Future of Welfare Society'), Socialpolitisk Forening, in which they
question the estimations of the Welfare Commission, while at the same time
proposing the continuation and development of the universal Danish welfare
state. The report does not mention Basic Income as a possible means for the
implementation of an alternative welfare policy.
This shows that Basic Income has a hard time finding its way to the Danish
political agenda. The Danish Basic Income Movement has just published a
folder called 'Basisindkomst (borgerløn) hvorfor og hvordan?' ('Basic
Income Why and How?'), showing three different models for the
implementation and financing of Basic Income for all citizens.
For further information: http://www.borgerloen.dk/
*FRANCE: THIRTY IDEAS FOR THE LEFT
On November 10, 2005, the left-of-center daily "Libération" has publisheda
special issue on "Thirty ideas to revive the Left" ("Trente idées pour
réveiller la gauche"). Starting with an interview of Philippe Van Parijs
(Louvain & Harvard, Chair of BIEN's International board), it includes a
discussion of basic income along the lines of proposals made by French
economists Yoland Bresson and Yann Moulier-Boutang, respectively. According
to Moulier-Boutang, the level of the French basic income should be "at
least 1.000 Euros" a month. More interestingly, this special issue also
briefly discusses a proposal of capital grant, which is totally new to the
contemporary French debate. Economist Roger Godino, one of the guest
speakers at BIEN's Congress in Berlin (2000), argues that each French
citizen should receive a basic capital of 10.000 Euros at the age of 18.
Godino also favours the introduction of a negative income tax in France.
Libération's website: http://www.liberation.fr
*FRANCE: FEDERALIST PARTY IN FAVOUR OF AN "EXISTENCE INCOME"
On the occasion of the International Day for the Eradication of Poverty
(Oct. 17, 2005), the French Federalist Party (Parti Fédéraliste) has
published a Press Release calling for the implementation of a so-called
"Existence Income" ("revenu d'existence"), or a "guaranteed social income".
The Federalist Party, which remains so far a very small player in France's
political circles, argues that basic income should be defended as a
European project. In its Press Release, it also refers to debates in Alaska
(USA), Catalonia (Spain), Belgium, and Ireland.
For further information: http://www.parti-federaliste.fr
*SOUTH AFRICA: PROTESTERS CALL FOR A BASIC INCOME FOR ALL
According to "The Independent Online" (Oct. 17, 2005), about 400 people
gathered outside the Gauteng legislature on October 17, 2005, where they
formed a human chain around the building to mark International Day for the
Eradication of Poverty. Representing a variety of non-governmental
organisations such as the Treatment Action Campaign (TAC), the South
African Non-governmental Organisations Coalition (Sangoco), Ikageng and
Network Against Child Labour, the demonstrators called for a basic income
grant for all. "We held our hands in a symbolic mark that shows that when
we tie our hands together we make work light," said Hassim Lorgat,
Sangoco's spokesperson. Sheilagh-Mary Waspe of Justice and Peace said they
were also calling for government to extend the child support grant to
children up to the age of 18, from 14, as a step towards the establishment
of a comprehensive social security system in South Africa. "We are not
calling for handouts. We are calling for the extension of the basic income
grant for all so that people's dignity can be restored and that they can be
able to pay for services," she said.
The Independent Online website: http://www.int.iol.co.za
*THE NETHERLANDS: GREEN PARTY SUPPORTS A MORE ACTIVE WELFARE STATE
The Dutch Green Party GroenLinks, which had been the most prominent
political support of an unconditional basic income in the Netherlands
during the 1990s, gives its full support to more active social policies.
Under the supervision of its leader Femke Halsema, GroenLinks has just
published a policy document stating that the unemployed should be "obliged
to participate" if they cannot find a job. The obligation means that after
one year of job search, all able-bodied unemployed should participate in
subzidized employment, or follow educational programmes. Somewhat
suprisingly, GroenLinks still argues in favour of a so-called "partial
basic income". In fact, since this benefit should be restricted to low-paid
workers, it is similar to a modest Earned Income Tax Credit.
For further information, see http://www.groenlinks.nl
*UNITED KINGDOM: DEBATE ON A CITIZEN'S PENSION SYSTEM
The Second Report of the Pensions Commission directed by Lord Turner (hence
called the "Turner Report") has been published on November 30, 2005. Among
other things, the most controversial being the raising of the pension age,
this report recommends "reforms to make the state system less means-tested
and closer to universal". In a Press release which was published on the
very same day, The Citizen's Income Trust (CIT) suggests that a "Citizen's
pension" might be the best alternative to the current means-tested system.
According to the CIT, an adequate universal flat-rate 'Citizen'sPension'
(CP) for every resident adult over the state retirement age, and paid at
the rate of 109.45 GBP per week (162 Euros) for a single pensioner would
allow most of the 5 million British senior citizens without other financial
resources to live with dignity and without recourse to means-tested
benefits. A CP would provide a stable foundation for a portfolio including
occupational and private pensions.
Furthermore, the CIT argues that a Basic Income or Citizen's Income (CI)
could help to avert the impending pensions crisis by dismantling the
artificial thresholds dividing retired people from working age adults. A CI
for all adults would replace most of the current array of means-tested
benefits (the withdrawal of which as earnings rise discourages low-income
earners from working). A CI and a CP together would allow individuals into
their 60s and 70s to negotiate contracts for their preferred hours of paid
work, probably choosing to reduce their hours as they get older, yet still
yielding taxable earnings.
Setting the rates for the CP and CI as a proportion of GDP per capita would
restore the former link between pensions and the prosperity of the
country. The levels of the CP and CI, rising and falling with the fortunes
of the country, would allow people to adjust their hours of work to cover
any shortfall, and would help to stabilise economic cycles. The British
Pensions Policy Institute has calculated that a Citizen's Pension of 110
GBP per week (162 Euros, approx. 30% of GDP per capita) could be afforded
immediately within current government spending on pensions. A Citizen's
Income of 90 GBP per week (132 EUros), approx. 25% of GDP per capita, is
also feasible.
Further information is available from Dr. Malcolm Torry, The Director, The
Citizen's Income Trust, Tel: 020 8305 1222, info at citizensincome.org
*UNITED STATES: ALASKA DIVIDEND IS GETTING INCREASING ATTENTION
As announced in BIEN NewsFlash 35, the amount of this year's Alaska
Permanent Fund Dividend, the only existing basic income in the world, is
845.76 US$ (722.8 Euros). In its Sept.-Oct. Newsletter, USBIG reported that
the idea of the fund is gathering more and more attention around the world.
The government of Alberta (Canada) is preparing to send checks of 400 CAN$
(294.5 Euros) to every resident of the province. The checks are a one-time
response to the province's large budget surplus, which has been caused
largely by the recent increase in oil tax revenue. Although this is a
one-time grant, the program's architects credit the Alaska Fund as
inspiration (see "Canada" above in the section "Glimpses of National
Debates"). The State of New Mexico (United States), which also has a
growing budget surplus thanks to the recent increase in oil prices, may be
the soon follow suit. Governor Bill Richardson and prominent members of the
state legislature have been discussing a one-time tax rebate in the
neighborhood of 50 US$ (42.7 Euros) per person.
The spread of the Permanent Fund idea does not stop with Alberta and New
Mexico. Recent editorials in the US have discussed the idea as a plausible
alternative for other parts of the world. In the Sept. 12, 2005 issue of
Newsweek International, Kevin O'Flynn mentioned the fact that the Alaska
Permanent Fund was discussed as one of the possible models for reform of
Russia's oil industry: "perhaps the least likely scenario is to create
something akin to Alaska's famous Permanent Fund, sharing the oil boom with
a cash payment to every Russian citizen."
Two recent editorials in the US Press have also argued for a permanent oil
dividend in Iraq. In a column published by The Weekly Standard
(http://www.weeklystandard.com) on June 06, 2005, Lenny Glynn argues for an
"Ownership Society on the Tigris" through the creation of a "Freedom
Trust". He believes than enshrining an oil dividend into Iraq's
constitution would be a force for democracy, national unity, and economic
development. It would almost certainly make the constitution more popular.
"Any system that declares a significant share of Iraq's oil revenues to be
the personal property of the Iraqi people", Glynn writes, "would create a
powerful material base for democracy."
Ronald Bailey, writing for the online magazine "Reason on line" on, August
18, 2005, has included the creation of an "Iraq Permanent Fund" in hislist
of things the Bush administration should have done for a successful
post-war Iraq. Half of Iraq's oil revenues should be deposited in this
Fund. "Modeled after the Alaska Permanent Fund, the returns from the
diversified investment in this growing fund are distributed as dividends
annually to each of Iraq's six million households. These dividends will go
a long way toward boosting Iraq's future economic growth", Bailey writes
(http://www.reason.com/links/links081805.shtml).
Finally, a commentary by Michael Rowan, which was published online by
"Petroleumworld.com: Latin American Energy, Oil & Gas" on August 10, 2005,
praised the Alaska Permanent Fund and compared it to Venezuela's
nationalization of the oil industry. Alaska Governor Jay Hammond began
setting up the permanent fund at about the same time that Carlos Andres
Perez nationalized Venezuela's oil industry in 1976. Rowan argues that
nationalization of 100% of Venezuela's oil revenues had no noticeable
affect on poverty in Venezuela, but the Alaska fund, which distributes only
a fraction of the taxes on Alaska oil revenues, has provided a real and
verifiable benefit to low-income Alaskans and has been especially important
in reducing poverty among indigenous Alaskans. "If [Perez] had done what
Hammond did in 1976, Venezuela's Permanent Fund would have about 120
billion US$ this year, paying a dividend of 1,500 US$ to each of 8 million
Venezuelan families." The editorial is hostile to activist government
policies, but it is not hostile to policies that effectively help the poor.
Rowan's editorial can be found at http://www.petroleumworld.com/Ed081105.htm
4.PUBLICATIONS
*FRENCH
DOMMEN, Bridget (2005). "Allocation sociale et sécurité de revenu en
Suisse". FEAS Aspects de la sécurité sociale, 2-2005, Lausanne,
Switzerland, pp.22-33, Publisher's address: jptabin at eesp.ch
This article by independant economist (and active member of
BIEN-Switzerland) Bridget Dommen offers a good synthesis of the pros and
cons of basic income in the Swiss context. Starting with a review of some
of the most crucial problems generated by means-tested assistance and
social insurance schemes, it mainly focuses on BI as a desirable and
feasible alternative. Dommen discusses various scenarios of implementation,
including a VAT-funded scheme as it has been proposed in 2003 by Peter Le
Roux in South-Africa. Dommen also refers to debates in Brazil, France,
United Kingdom, Ireland, and Alaska (USA). In her conclusion, she stresses
that a BI should be seen as a fundamental human right.
FERRY, Jean-Marc (2005). "Le principe redistributif en question: instaurer
un droit au revenu", Sécurité sociale CHSS 4/2005, special issue on
'Justice sociale - éthique et pratique', Office fédéral des assurances
sociales, Bern, July-August 2005, pp.197-205.
For many years Jean-Marc Ferry, a French philosopher from the University of
Brussels (B), has been one of the most prominent advocates of basic income
in French-speaking countries. In this new article, he argues again for a
European basic income. According to Ferry, a high basic income can be first
justified by looking at the past: the wealth which has been accumulated
through the ages is a collective good which should be fairly distributed
among citizens. But a high basic income can also be justified by looking
forward: it is an investment which should allow for the creation of a
"secteur quaternaire" (a quaternary industry). In this sector of the
economy, individuals could engage in socially useful activities which are
not market-related. Ferry stresses the fact that he does not defend basic
income "as such", but as a way of reinforcing social integration and
participation.
Available in PDF at
http://www.bsv.admin.ch/publikat/chss/f/2005/chss0504i.htm ;
also available in German at
http://www.bsv.admin.ch/publikat/chss/d/2005/chss0504i.htm
GROULX, Lionel-Henri (2005). Revenu minimum garanti. Comparaison
internationale, analyses et débats. Québec: Presses de l'Université duQuébec.
ISBN 2-7605-1365-3
The expression "Revenu minimum garanti" (RMG - guaranteed minimum income)
has often been used by French-speaking intellectuals in Quebec (Canada),
where it has often led to misunderstandings. If for some it is a synonym
for "basic income", others use "RMG" to refer to means-testedminimum
income schemes such as the British National Assistance or the French
"Revenu minimum d'insertion". This is the case of Lionel-Henri Groulx,the
author of this extremely well-documented essay, who teaches social policy
at the Université de Montréal. Even if the book mainly focuses on
conventional minimum income schemes, the two last chapters discuss a
negative income tax (NIT) and a basic income (BI), respectively. The
chapter 5 on NIT includes a thorough discussion of the American NIT
experiments (1970s), as well as of the Canadian project Mincome (1975-79).
Groulx also examines what he calls "the NIT's of the new generation",i.e.
the US Earned Income Tax Credit (EITC) and related schemes such as Canada's
self-sufficiency experimental project. Chapter 6 is entirely devoted to
basic income, and starts with a short presentation of BIEN. Having examined
various ethical and economical justifications, Groulx briefly focuses on
its political feasibility.
Publisher's webiste: http://www.puq.uquebec.ca/fr/
ULRICH, Peter. "Le progrès social dans la cité: 'civiliser' l'économiede
marché", Sécurité sociale CHSS 4/2005, special issue on 'Justicesociale -
éthique et pratique', Office fédéral des assurances sociales, Bern,
July-August 2005, pp.206-211.
See *German section below for an abstract.
Available in PDF at
http://www.bsv.admin.ch/publikat/chss/f/2005/chss0504i.htm ;
also available in German at
http://www.bsv.admin.ch/publikat/chss/d/2005/chss0504i.htm
*GERMAN
FERRY, Jean-Marc (2005). "Das Umlageprinzip auf dem Prüfstand: Einführung
eines Rechts auf Einkommen", Soziale Sicherheit CHSS 4/2005, special issue
on 'Soziale Gerechtigkeit - Ethik und Praxis", Bundesamt für
Sozialversicherung, Bern, July-August 2005, 197-205.
See *French section above for an abstract.
Available in PDF at
http://www.bsv.admin.ch/publikat/chss/d/2005/chss0504i.htm ;
also available in French at
http://www.bsv.admin.ch/publikat/chss/f/2005/chss0504i.htm
RÄTZ, Werner, PATERNOGA, Dagmar & STEINBACH, Werner (eds.) (2005).
Grundeinkommen: bedingunglos. ATTAC Germany/VSA-Verlag, www.vsa-verlag.de,
ISBN 3-89965-141-3, EUR 6.50, 94p.
ATTAC is an international movement born in France, initially around the
promotion of the Tobin tax but soon turned into one of the main components
of the "alterglobalization" movement. Its German branch publishes a series
of short and cheap "basic texts". The title of the latest one is "Basic
income: unconditional". It offers a non-scholarly, lively, accessible
introduction to the basic income discussion for a left-wing German
audience, in a climate more receptive than it has ever been to the idea. It
contains a summary of the history and a synthesis of the arguments. It also
describes in some detail a number of specific proposals for Germany. For
example, it reports that the German catholic youth association (BDKJ)
proposed a non-means-tested individual basic income of EUR 600 for every
adult who has been residing in Germany for at least 8 years and performs at
least 500 hours of socially useful work (paid or unpaid) annually. Within
the German Attac movement, the basic income proposal is by no means
uncontroversial. The authors do not advocate any specific version of it,
but they argue that an individual and unconditional basic income covering
at least subsistence is the best way of achieving basic security for all.
Of course, the authors conclude, such a basic income "will not solve all
the problems of capitalism" but it definitely "provides the possibility to
think beyond the existing society".
GERNTKE, Axel, RÄTZ, Werner & SCHÄFER, Claus (2005). Einkommen zum
Auskommen. Von bedingungslosem Grundeinkommen, gesetzlichen Mindestlöhnen
und anderen Verteilungsfragen. Hamburg: VSA Verlag, 2004, 110p.,
www.vsa-verlag.de, ISBN 3-89965-110-3.
A collection of essays devoted to the minimum income issue, with some
authors arguing for a comprehensive need-oriented and work-related basic
security system, while others vigorously defend a genuine basic income: in
particular Harald Rein (from the Round Table of unemployed and social
assistance organizations) in an essay on the "Existenzgeld", the
unconditional "existence income" demanded by unemployed initiatives since
1992; and Werner Rätz (from Attac Germany) in an essay entitled "There is
really enough for all".
ULRICH, Peter (2005). "Sozialer Fortschritt in der Bürgergesellschaft:
'Zivilisierung' der Marktwirtschaft", Soziale Sicherheit CHSS 4/2005,
special issue on 'Soziale Gerechtigkeit - Ethik und Praxis", Bundesamt für
Sozialversicherung, Bern, July-August 2005, 206-211.
This article mainly focuses on the social consequences of market
liberalism, but its last section is devoted to a defence of basic income.
Referring to Van Parijs' Real Freedom for All (1995), Ulrich (Saint-Gall
University, Switzerland) argues that since the market does not sufficiently
contribute to the social integration of all citizens, part of the
collective wealth should be redistributed along the lines of a basic income
or, perhaps, of a basic capital.
Available in PDF at
http://www.bsv.admin.ch/publikat/chss/d/2005/chss0504i.htm ;
also available in French at
http://www.bsv.admin.ch/publikat/chss/f/2005/chss0504i.htm
*ENGLISH
GRINSPUN, Alejandro (2005). "Three Models of Social Protection". One Pager
- International Poverty Center, United Nations Development Programme,
October 2005, Number 17.
This page briefly discusses the idea of social funds as ways of provinding
cash to individuals or families in developing countries. It briefly focuses
on South Africa, where a proposal for a universal basic income is said to
having "raised a storm". "Many dismiss the idea as impracticable", Grinspun
writes, "but a broad coalition of supporters has kept the debate raging.
They claim it is affordable and feasible, and would give effect to the
'right to social security' written into the 1996 Constitution byproviding
a modicum of economic security to the more than half of South Africans
trapped in long-term poverty." The document - which does not necessarily
reflect the official views of the International Poverty Centre or the
United Nations Development Programme - also briefly mention the Alaska
Permanent Fund Dividend Programme.
This One Pager can be downloaded at
http://www.undp-povertycentre.org/newsletters/OnePager17.pdf
HARVEY, Phil & BOYLE, Jennifer (eds.). "Basic Income Guarantees and the
Right to Work". Special issue of Rutgers Journal of Law & Urban Policy,
vol.2, issue 1, Fall 2005.
This issue of the Journal of Law & Urban Policy (JLUP) is pioneering in
both its substance and its format. The papers published in this issue of
JLUP comprise the first direct scholarly exchange between proponents of
basic income guarantees and employment guarantees to appear in print, and
it also marks the first time a scholarly journal has taken full advantage
of the Internet to create a genuine discussion format for carrying on a
scholarly exchange such as this.
The interrelated problems of endemic unemployment, low-wage work, poverty
and growing inequality have inspired the growth of the contemporary basic
income movement and have also revived interest in proposals to use direct
job creation by government to achieve full employment. Advocates of this
strategy argue that the best way to combat these problems is to close the
economy's job gap with an offer of decent work in government-funded jobs
for all involuntarily unemployed workers. At the most recent international
Congress of BIEN, which met in Barcelona in September 2004, leading
proponents of these two strategies participated in a scholarly dialogue on
the relative merits of their respective proposals. Four papers were
presented in a session chaired by Philippe Van Parijs. Papers supporting
the basic income idea were presented by Guy Standing and José Antonio
Noguera. Papers supporting guaranteed employment proposals were presented
by Philip Harvey, and by William Mitchell and Martin Watts. These four
papers comprise the opening contributions to this JLUP's symposium onBasic
Income Guarantees and the Right to Work. The papers reflect sharp
differences of opinion between proponents of the two strategies, but
possibilities of convergence in their respective positions also receive
some attention. This issue also includes papers on the same topic by
Pavlina R. Tcherneva & L. Randall Wray, Axel Marx, Michael W. Howard, Erik
Olin Wright, John Tomlinson, and José Luis Rey Pérez.
Journal's webiste: http://www.jlup.org/
PELTON, Leroy H. (2005). Frames of Justice. Implications for Social Policy.
New Brunswick (USA): Transaction.
ISBN 0-7658-0296-1
This essay by Leroy H. Pelton (former director of the School of Social
Work, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, USA) is devoted to analyzing three
major frames of justice group justice, individual desert, and life
affirmation and their implications for social policy as well as their
reflections in contemporary social policies, while simultaneously exploring
the notion of desert in religion, philosophy, and legislation especially
within the context of the moral question of the relationship between means
and ends. In chapter 5, on "Need, Desert, and Nondiscrimination", Pelton
argues that "a liberal and just community, through its instrument of
government, is obliged not to allow basic human needs to go unaddressed,
and must address such need without judgment or discrimination" (p. 88),and
proposes "that an annual common monetary benefit, at least of sufficient
size to address the basic human needs of an individual in a minimally
adequate manner, be allocated (without transfer) to every member of the
community, adjusted only for size of household. This benefit would, at the
least, set a floor under which no one would be allowed to fall (p. 89)".
Pelton stresses that "even for a wealthy man, the amount allocated wouldbe
his fair share that he would have used to meet his basic needs, or somewhat
beyond (depending on the level of common benefit that the society has
decided upon) had he lost his wealth" (p. 89). "If a society is torespect
human life without discrimination, its policies must enhance the lives of
all regardless of economic station. True, the degree of one's wealth is
itself an indicator of the extent to which one has benefited from the
community" (p. 89). In Pelton's proposal of this arrangement thatallocates
common benefits, "the tax on other income would be flat, or strictly
proportional" (p. 90). Leroy H. Pelton finally point out that under the
proposed system "there is no disincentive to work unless one is fully
content with minimal survival, since no matter what a man makes, he is
allocated the common benefit, offset only somewhat by taxes at the lower
income levels" (p. 92).
SEGALL, Shlomi (2005). "Unconditional welfare benefits and the principle of
reciprocity". Politics, philosophy & economics, vol.4, Number 3, October
2005, 331-354.
This article by Shlomi Segall (Oxford University, UK) seeks to rebut the
claim, made by Stuart White and others, that providing welfare benefits to
citizens who do not, and are not willing to, work breaks the principle of
reciprocity. This, they argue, justifies placing a minimum work requirement
on welfare recipients. The article begins by rejecting the attempt to
ground the work requirement on a civic obligation to work. It then explores
the principle of reciprocity, and argues that the practice of reciprocity
depends on the particular conception of distributive justice adopted. An
examination of different interpretations of egalitarian justice and their
corresponding patterns of reciprocity demonstrates that unconditional
welfare benefits are compatible with, and sometimes even warranted by, the
principle of reciprocity. Thus, imposing a work requirement on welfare
recipients is by no means a mandate of reciprocity.
Journal's website: http://ppe.sagepub.com
Author's address: shlomi.segall at seh.ox.ac.uk
WIDERQUIST, Karl, LEWIS, Michael Anthony & PRESSMAN, Steven (2005). The
Ethics and Economics of the Basic Income Guarantee. Aldershot: Ashgate,
ISBN 0-7546-4188-0 (Hardback).
Governments in the US, the UK and other nations around the world routinely
consider and, in some cases, experiment with reforms of their income
support systems. The basic income guarantee, a universal unconditional
income grant, has received increasing attention from scholars as an
alternative to the kinds of reforms that have been implemented. This book
explores the political, sociological, economic, and philosophical issues of
the basic income guarantee.
Tracing the history of the idea, from its origins in the late eighteenth
century through its political vogue in the 1970s, when the Family
Assistance Plan narrowly missed passage in the US Congress, it also
examines the philosophical debate over the issue. The book is designed to
foster a climate of ideas amongst those specifically interested in the
income support policies and more widely for those concerned with public,
welfare and labour economics. Its coverage will enable readers to obtain an
in depth grounding in the topic, regardless of their position in the debate.
Publisher's website: http://www.ashgate.com/
5. NEW LINKS
*ITALIAN
MOISO, GianCarlo (2005). "Un reddito garantito per tutti: la soluzione del
problema sociale?" ("A basic income for all: the solution of the social
problem?")
Available online at http://www.economiaeretica.it
*GERMAN
PELZER, Helmut & FISCHER, Ute (2004): "Unconditional Basic Income for All:
A Proposal for the Shaping and Financing of the Future of our Social
Security". ["Bedingungsloses Grundeinkommen für alle" Ein Vorschlagzur
Gestaltung und Finanzierung der Zukunft unserer sozialen Sicherung".]
Available online
http://www.uni-ulm.de/uni/fak/zawiw/content/forschendes_lernen/gruppen/fl/buergergeld/literatur
For an unconditional basic income (UBI) the amount of the monthly sum to be
paid to every citizen as well as its financing are of vital importance. The
present paper shows how these issues can be dealt with from a national
economic point of view. Our "Transfer Limits Model" made up of mathematical
algorithms offers a wide variety of options to political decision makers in
terms of the amount of the UBI per person and the social contribution rates
I and II defined to finance it. Based on comprehensive data material on the
distribution of gross income in Germany in 1998 (source: German Federal
Statistics Office) our calculations yielded that in 1998, a
livelihood-securing UBI for adults could have been financed with an only
slightly modified income tax rate. One of many calculation examples yielded
a burden of only 2.2 % of the gross income of net givers for an UBI of DEM
1,000 per month and an S I of 50 %. In the case of DEM 1,200 per month it
would have been 4.5 %.
This Transfer Limit Model for financing a UBI forms a suitable basis for
the introduction of a UBI in Germany as well as in other EU states andbeyond.
PELZER, Helmut & FISCHER, Ute (2004). "Unconditional Basic Income: How
much? Where from? The Transfer Limits Model." [Bedingungsloses
Grundeinkommen: Wie viel? Woher? Das Transfergrenzen-Modell.]
Available online http://www.grundeinkommen.info/index.php?id=147, under
section "Texte zum 2. Netzwerktreffen". This is the script of a
presentation held at the meeting of the (German) Basic Income Network
("Netzwerk Grundeinkommen") in Berlin on December 11, 2004. It contains
short, concise information on the contents of PELZER, Helmut & FISCHER, Ute
(2004): "Unconditional Basic Income for All: A Proposal for the Shaping and
Financing of the Future of our Social Security". In addition, it deals with
basic reflections on the possible effects of such a system on society and
ecomomy, depending on the monthly amount of UBI granted. It also states
that all our calculations exclude a UBI for children of up to 18 years. For
them, the "child benefit" financed through other sources should be
maintained (in Germany) as that is already something like a UBI forchildren.
PELZER, Helmut & SCHARL, Peter (2005): Unconditional Basic Income: Its
Financing According to an Extended Transfer Limits Model. European
Perspectives. [Bedingungsloses Grundeinkommen: Seine Finanzierung nach
einem erweiterten Transfergrenzen-Modell. Europäische Perspektiven.]
Available online at
http://www.uni-ulm.de/uni/fak/zawiw/content/forschendes_lernen/gruppen/fl/buergergeld/literatur
ERHARD, Gross, HERRLEN-PELZER, Sibylle Herrlen-Pelzer & PELZER, Helmut
(2005). "Unconditional Basic Income. Financing Based on the Transfer Limit
Model". [Bedingungsloses Grundeinkommen. Finanzierung auf der Basis des
Transfergrenzen-Modells]
Available online at
http://www.uni-ulm.de/uni/fak/zawiw/content/forschendes_lernen/gruppen/fl/buergergeld/literatur
This publication contains a mathematical description of how practically all
citizens, not only the "net recipients", are included in the basic income
system proposed in PELZER, Helmut & FISCHER, Ute (2004): "Unconditional
Basic Income for All: A Proposal for the Shaping and Financing of the
Future of our Social Security".
6. ABOUT THE BASIC INCOME EARTH NETWORK
Co-chair:
Eduardo SUPLICY, Federal Senator, Sao Paulo, Brazil
Guy STANDING, Director of the Social and Economic Security Programme, ILO,
Geneva, Switzerland
Other details about BIEN can be found on our website : www.basicincome.org
Click on "ABOUT BIEN" to access the updated page which includes the Mission
Statement, the details of BIEN's EC members, the composition of the
International Board, all relevant details about National Networks, as well
as the list of our Life Members (see also below).
MEMBERSHIP
All life members of the Basic Income European Network, many of whom were
non-Europeans, have automatically become life members of the Basic Income
Earth Network.
To join them, just send your name and address (postal and electronic) to
David Casassas casassas at eco.ub.es, secretary of BIEN, and transfer EUR 100
to BIEN's account 001 2204356 10 at FORTIS BANK (IBAN: BE41 0012 2043
5610), 10 Rond-Point Schuman, B-1040 Brussels, Belgium. An acknowledgement
will be sent upon receipt.
BIEN Life-members can become "B(I)ENEFACTORS" by giving another 100Euros
or more to the Network. The funds collected will facilitate the
participation of promising BI advocates coming from developing countries or
from disadvantaged groups.
B(I)ENEFACTORS:
Joel Handler (US), Philippe Van Parijs (BE)
BIEN's Life Members:
James Meade (+), Gunnar Adler-Karlsson (SE), Maria Ozanira da Silva (BR),
Ronald Dore (UK), Alexander de Roo (NL), Edouard Dommen (CH), Philippe Van
Parijs (BE), P.J. Verberne (NL), Tony Walter (UK), Philippe Grosjean (BE),
Malcolm Torry (UK), Wouter van Ginneken (CH), Andrew Williams (UK), Roland
Duchâtelet (BE), Manfred Fuellsack (AT), Anne-Marie Prieels (BE), Philippe
Desguin (BE), Joel Handler (US), Sally Lerner (CA), David Macarov (IL),
Paul Metz (NL), Claus Offe (DE), Guy Standing (CH), Hillel Steiner (UK),
Werner Govaerts (BE), Robley George (US), Yoland Bresson (FR), Richard
Hauser (DE), Eduardo Matarazzo Suplicy (BR), Jan-Otto Andersson (FI),
Ingrid Robeyns (UK), John Baker (IE), Rolf Kuettel (CH), Michael Murray
(US), Carlos Farinha Rodrigues (PT), Yann Moulier Boutang (FR), Joachim
Mitschke (DE), Rik van Berkel (NL), François Blais (CA), Katrin Töns(DE),
Almaz Zelleke (US), Gerard Degrez (BE), Michael Opielka (DE), Lena Lavinas
(BR), Julien Dubouchet (CH), Jeanne Hrdina (CH), Joseph Huber (DE), Markku
Ikkala (FI), Luis Moreno (ES), Rafael Pinilla (ES), Graham Taylor (UK), W.
Robert Needham (CA), Tom Borsen Hansen (DK), Ian Murray (US), Peter
Molgaard Nielsen (DK), Fernanda Rodrigues (PT), Helmut Pelzer (DE), Rod
Dobell (CA), Walter Van Trier (BE), Loek Groot (NL), Andrea Fumagalli (IT),
Bernard Berteloot (FR), Jean-Pierre Mon (FR), Angelika Krebs (DE), Ahmet
Insel (FR), Alberto Barbeito (AR), Rubén Lo Vuolo (AR), Manos Matsaganis
(GR), Jose Iglesias Fernandez (ES), Daniel Eichler (DE), Cristovam Buarque
(BR), Michael Lewis (US), Clive Lord (UK), Jean Morier-Genoud (FR), Eri
Noguchi (US), Michael Samson (ZA), Ingrid van Niekerk (ZA), Karl Widerquist
(US), Al Sheahen (US), Christopher Balfour (AND), Jurgen De Wispelaere
(UK), Wolf-Dieter Just (DE), Zsuzsa Ferge (HU), Paul Friesen (CA), Nicolas
Bourgeon (FR), Marja A. Pijl (NL), Matthias Spielkamp (DE), Frédéric
Jourdin (FR), Daniel Raventós (ES), Andrés Hernández (CO), GuidoErreygers
(BE), Alain Tonnet (BE), Stephen C. Clark (US), Wolfgang Mundstein (AT),
Evert Voogd (NL), Frank Thompson (US), Lieselotte Wohlgenannt (AT), Jose
Luis Rey Pérez (ES), Jose Antonio Noguera (ES), Esther Brunner (CH), Irv
Garfinkel (US), Claude Macquet (BE), Bernard Guibert (FR), Margit Appel
(AT), Simo Aho (FI), Francisco Ramos Martin (ES), Brigid Reynolds (IE),
Sean Healy (IE), Maire Mullarney (IE), Patrick Lovesse (CH), Jean-Paul
Zoyem (FR), GianCarlo Moiso (IT), Martino Rossi (CH), Pierre Herold (CH),
Steven Shafarman (US), Leonardo Fernando Cruz Basso (BR), Wolfgang
Strenmann-Kuhn (DE), Anne Glenda Miller (UK), Lowell Manning (NZ), Dimitris
Ballas (GR), Gilberte Ferrière (BE), Louise Haagh (DK), Michael Howard
(US), Simon Wigley (TR), Erik Christensen (DK), David Casassas (ES), Paul
Nollen (BE), Vriend(inn)en Basisinkomen (NL), Christophe Guené (BE), Alain
Massot (CA), Marcel Bertrand Paradis (CA), NN (Geneve, CH), Marc
Vandenberghe (BE), Gianluca Busilacchi (IT), Robert F. Clark (US), Theresa
Funiciello (US), Al Boag & Sue Williams (AU), Josef Meyer (BE), Alain Boyer
(CH), Jos Janssen (NL), Collectif Charles Fourier (+), Bruce Ackerman (US),
Victor Lau (CA), Konstantinos Geormas (GR), Pierre Feray (FR), Christian
Brütsch (CH), Phil Harvey (US), Toru Yamamori (JP), René Keersemaker(NL),
Manuel Franzmann (DE), Ovidio Carlos de Brito (BR), Bernard De Crum (NL),
Katja Kipping (DE), Jan Beaufort (DE), Christopher Mueller (DE), Bradley
Nelson (US), Marc de Basquiat [154].
BIEN's NewsFlash is mailed electronically every two months to over 1000
subscribers throughout the world.
Requests for free subscription are to be sent to bien at basicincome.org
Items for inclusion or review in future NewsFlashes are to be sent to
Yannick Vanderborght, newsletter editor, UCL, Chaire Hoover, 3 Place
Montesquieu, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium, vanderborght at etes.ucl.ac.be
.
--
Katrin Mohr (Dipl. Soz.)
Doktorandin am Graduiertenkolleg
"Die Zukunft des Europäischen Sozialmodells"
Universität Göttingen
kmohr at gwdg.de
http://www.uni-goettingen.de/de/sh/3567.html
Adalbertstr. 20
10997 Berlin
Tel.: +49/(0)30/616 52 633
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