<div dir="ltr">Hi Mojca,<div><br></div><div>let me quote from <a href="http://contributoragreements.org/faq.html">http://contributoragreements.org/faq.html</a>, a website by (among others) the Free Software Foundation Europe: “Contributor agreements are agreements between a Free and Open Source Software (FOSS) project and contributors to the project that set out what the project can do with the copyright of the contribution [...]. The purpose of such agreements is to make the terms, under which contributions are made, explicit and thereby protect the project, the users of the project’s code or content, and often also the contributors themselves. Contributor agreements provide confidence that the guardian of a project’s output has the necessary rights over all contributions to allow for distribution of the product under either any license or any license that is compliant with specific principles. To put it in a nutshell, contributor agreements avoid as far as possible any future legal issues regarding the individual contributions, such as disputes over origin or ownership of respective rights.”</div><div><br></div><div>There’s indeed been talk to change Unicode’s “outbound” data license (i.e. the conditions under which Unicode gives its data to others). Unicode started in the late 1980s/early 1990s, before there was a set of widely established open-source licenses. From today’s perspective, it would probably be a good thing to switch the current data license to something more widely used — probably the MIT license, or perhaps one of the BSD variants. That’s actually a case in point: if Unicode wouldn’t have asked its contributors to sign contributor agreements, making such a license change would be very difficult. Over the past quarter century, there’s been hundreds of contributors, some of which have meanwhile passed away, and companies have gone out of business. In theory, one could of course try to ask every single inheritor/successor, hoping that they’ll agree to a license change (and re-work their contributions if they don’t). But it would be quite hard to find everyone.</div><div><br></div><div>Because of the contributor agreement, making such a change would “only” need the agreement of a majority of Unicode’s voting members [<a href="https://www.unicode.org/consortium/members.html">https://www.unicode.org/consortium/members.html</a>]. Could those members vote in favour of “a super restrictive expensive commercial licence to all documents/sources/dictionaries”? Yes, they could. But it wouldn’t seem like a very smart move, considering the potential gains (a few ten thousand dollars, perhaps?) and losses (it would become a lot more painful to work with the world’s languages). As far as I can see, that’s actually the same situation with all the organizations in the free software world, be it Apache, Fedora, Mozilla, or all the others who use contributor agreements. One safeguard against such organizations turning “evil” is that the original contributors are keeping their copyright, so they can license their contributions also to somebody else. Also, everyone can always take the last version of the data that was published under the “non-evil” license and fork the project. However, if the new group ever wants to change that license (eg. to MIT or BSD or whatever), they’ll of course face the problem of having to get permission from the original contributors.</div><div><br></div><div>Is there anything which Unicode could do to ease your concerns? I’ll gladly bring it up.</div><div><br></div><div>— Sascha</div><div><br></div></div><div class="gmail_extra"><br><div class="gmail_quote">Am 27. November 2017 um 17:25 schrieb Mojca Miklavec <span dir="ltr"><<a href="mailto:mojca.miklavec.lists@gmail.com" target="_blank">mojca.miklavec.lists@gmail.com</a>></span>:<br><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex">Dear Sascha,<br>
<br>
This was asked before I think, but just a few questions to confirm:<br>
<br>
1.) Does "agreeing" mean passing/giving away all the copyrights to the<br>
Unicode consortium? (A sub-question remains why MIT doesn't work. You<br>
probably explained it already, but I'm not sure if I fully remember<br>
and it would make sense to make this clear anyway.)<br>
<br>
2.) Let's assume that the authors agree with this, but then keep<br>
adding new words to existing repository under MIT. How would any<br>
potential future bi-directional data exchange (say improvements of the<br>
word list) work? If someone happens to add some words to your<br>
repository, what are the conditions to put those additions back to the<br>
old / existing repository?<br>
<br>
3.) Purely theoretically, I know it won't happen, but I'm just<br>
curious, playing devil's advocate. Let's say that Unicode consortium<br>
(or anyone holding the copyright) turns evil one day and decides to<br>
sell itself and decides to put a super restrictive expensive<br>
commercial licence to all documents/sources/dictionaries and then<br>
keeps improving the documents under that super restrictive licence.<br>
What could the community do with the version the latest version<br>
released before the document licence was changed. Again: I'm aware<br>
that the idea of these CLAs is to make the opposite happen, but just<br>
to satisfy my curiosity.<br>
<br>
Thank you very much,<br>
Mojca<br>
<br>
PS: feel free to answer in German as this is a german list anyway, I'm<br>
just not too comfortable writing in German.<br>
<div class="HOEnZb"><div class="h5"><br>
<br>
2017-11-27 16:21 GMT+01:00 Sascha Brawer:<br>
> Hallo miteinander,<br>
><br>
> ich wollte nur mal nachfragen, wie der aktuelle Stand Eurer Diskussion ist.<br>
> Mittlerweile hat das Projekt ein Repositorium auf GitHub:<br>
> <a href="https://github.com/unicode-org/unilex" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank">https://github.com/unicode-<wbr>org/unilex</a> — wie Ihr seht, ist das alles noch<br>
> recht leer; daher die Frage an Euch, ob Ihr die deutsche Wortliste an<br>
> Unicode beisteuern würdet.<br>
><br>
> Herzliche Grüsse,<br>
><br>
> — Sascha<br>
><br>
><br>
> Am 17. November 2017 um 10:38 schrieb Sascha Brawer <<a href="mailto:sascha@brawer.ch">sascha@brawer.ch</a>>:<br>
>><br>
>> Danke, Werner, fürs Weiterleiten der E-Mail.<br>
>><br>
>> Zum Thema „Contributor License Agreements“ (CLA):<br>
>> <a href="http://contributoragreements.org/faq.html" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank">http://contributoragreements.<wbr>org/faq.html</a><br>
>> <a href="http://oss-watch.ac.uk/resources/cla" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank">http://oss-watch.ac.uk/<wbr>resources/cla</a><br>
>><br>
>> Andere freie Projekte machen das ähnlich. Hier sind einige Beispiele:<br>
>> <a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/#clas" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank">http://www.apache.org/<wbr>licenses/#clas</a><br>
>><br>
>> <a href="https://static.mozilla.com/foundation/documents/commit-access/committers-agreement.pdf" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank">https://static.mozilla.com/<wbr>foundation/documents/commit-<wbr>access/committers-agreement.<wbr>pdf</a><br>
>> <a href="http://pki.fedoraproject.org/images/2/2b/GenericCLA.pdf" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank">http://pki.fedoraproject.org/<wbr>images/2/2b/GenericCLA.pdf</a><br>
>><br>
>> <a href="https://www.kde.org/community/whatiskde/QtContributionLicenseAgreement-1-1.pdf" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank">https://www.kde.org/community/<wbr>whatiskde/<wbr>QtContributionLicenseAgreement<wbr>-1-1.pdf</a><br>
>> <a href="http://www.perlfoundation.org/contributor_license_agreement" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank">http://www.perlfoundation.org/<wbr>contributor_license_agreement</a><br>
>><br>
>> Es stimmt schon; es wäre sicher schön, wenn nicht jedes Projekt seine<br>
>> eigenes Süppchen kochen würde. Die Free Software Foundation Europe hat ein<br>
>> Muster-CLA ausgearbeitet (siehe <a href="http://contributoragreements.org" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank">contributoragreements.org</a>), aber zur Zeit<br>
>> verwendet Unicode — ebenso wie praktisch alle anderen Projekte — noch ein<br>
>> eigenes CLA.<br>
>><br>
>> Herzliche Grüsse,<br>
>><br>
>> — Sascha<br>
>><br>
>><br>
>> Am 17. November 2017 um 07:55 schrieb Werner LEMBERG <<a href="mailto:wl@gnu.org">wl@gnu.org</a>>:<br>
>>><br>
>>><br>
>>> Liebe Trennmustler!<br>
>>><br>
>>><br>
>>> Hier eine Anfrage von Sascha Brawer – was denkt Ihr? Spricht<br>
>>> irgendetwas dagegen? Ich frag' mich natürlich schon, war Unicode da<br>
>>> unbedingt ein eigenes Süppchen kochen muß und nicht einfach einer der<br>
>>> altbewährten Lizenzen (wie eben MIT) verwendet...<br>
>>><br>
>>> Sascha, gibt's zu der Unicode-Lizenz weitere Informationen und<br>
>>> Begründungen?<br>
>>><br>
>>><br>
>>> Werner<br>
>>><br>
>>><br>
>>><br>
>>> ---------- Weitergeleitete Nachricht ----------<br>
>>> From: Sascha Brawer <<a href="mailto:sascha@brawer.ch">sascha@brawer.ch</a>><br>
>>> To: Werner Lemberg <<a href="mailto:wl@gnu.org">wl@gnu.org</a>><br>
>>> Cc:<br>
>>> Bcc:<br>
>>> Date: Wed, 18 Oct 2017 14:47:41 -0700<br>
>>> Subject: Wortliste<br>
>>> Hallo Werner,<br>
>>><br>
>>> könntest Du Dir allenfalls vorstellen, die deutsche Wortliste und<br>
>>> Arzneiwirkstoffnamen mittels dem beiliegenden „Contributor License<br>
>>> Agreement“ an Unicode.org zu übertragen? Ich bin dabei, bei Unicode ein<br>
>>> neues Projekt aufzuziehen, um für diverse Sprachen maschinenlesbare Lexika<br>
>>> als Unicode-Datensatz anzubieten; dies unter derselben Lizenz wie alle<br>
>>> anderen Daten, die Unicode.org publiziert. Es wäre super, wenn wir die<br>
>>> deutsche Silbentrennung dort einpflegen könnten. (Dieselbe Frage natürlich<br>
>>> auch an die anderen Trennmustler; ich war mir nicht sicher, wen ich genau<br>
>>> fragen müsste).<br>
>>><br>
>>> Herzliche Grüsse von der Unicode-Konferenz,<br>
>>><br>
>>> — Sascha<br>
>>><br>
>>><br>
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>>><br>
>><br>
><br>
><br>
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</div></div></blockquote></div><br></div>