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<DIV><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-VARIANT: normal; FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #000000; FONT-STYLE: normal; LINE-HEIGHT: normal">Influencers and influencing for better accountability in the DRC: Sources and circulation of information in the DRC - the case of North Kivu<BR>Fondation Hirondelle; Demos, Harvard Humanitarian Initiative; ICREDES, 2019, 39 p.<BR>Download: <A href="https://www.hirondelle.org/en/studies/992-social-influencers-in-the-drc-our-joint-study-on-sources-and-circulation-of-information-in-north-kivu">https://www.hirondelle.org/en/studies/992-social-influencers-in-the-drc-our-joint-study-on-sources-and-circulation-of-information-in-north-kivu</A></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-VARIANT: normal; FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #000000; FONT-STYLE: normal; LINE-HEIGHT: normal"><BR><BR>Executive Summary:<BR><BR>The information ecosystem in DRC is fragmented and fragile. It is characterised by a great number of media outlets, however their level of professionalism is low and their vulnerability to partisan capture is high. This fragility is replicated in the online space. The Congolese population rely heavily on informal sources of information such as word of mouth, interpersonal communication with family and friends. The scarcity of reliable information open avenues for the rumours and misinformation to spread. This context presents serious challenges for the promotion of good governance and accountability that requires well informed citizens.<BR><BR>To better address those challenges, it is necessary to understand the main sources and dynamics of information flows both offline and online, and through media and non-media channels. A consortium composed of Fondation Hirondelle (FH), Demos, Harvard Humanitarian Initiative (HHI) and the Institut Congolais de Recherche en D</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-VARIANT: normal; FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #000000; FONT-STYLE: normal; LINE-HEIGHT: normal">éveloppement et Etudes Stratégiques (ICREDES) was created in order to provide a more holistic view of the Congolese information ecosystem and to identify opportunities for entry.<BR><BR>Due to the limited time and resources of the study, and because of the pre-existing networks and capacities of the consortium in this region, its focus is on North Kivu. To identify the voices, networks and themes that dominated this information ecosystem in this region, three levels of analysis were chosen: 1. The sources and level of information of the local populations. This analysis was provided by HHI that implemented household surveys of large samples of populations in Eastern DRC; 2. The sources of information of local journalists. This analysis was provided by FH that surveyed a network of 18 local radios in North Kivu; 3. The network and content analysis of digital and social media provided by DEMOS<BR><BR>Findings:<BR><BR>- Radio is the primary media source of information for the population of Eastern DRC (78% of the sample listens to it occasionally and 43% daily), followed by TV (31% occasionally) and written press (19% occasionally). Access to online resources is limited (26% occasionally and 8% daily).<BR>- The main sources of information depend on the context and the nature of the information people are seeking.<BR>- The level of belief in Ebola speculation is higher where knowledge of the epidemic is also highest. The results highlight the lack of reliability of information sources (46% of respondents expressed a moderate to high level of confidence in local radio, and 39% for national radio).<BR>- Access to media resources and the level of trust in the media is characterized by gender inequality. Women are 4 less likely than men to rely on radio as a source of information, reflecting their less frequent use of this medium. Women are also more likely to believe Ebola speculation than men.<BR>- The source of information selected by local journalists depends on the scope of the issue. For Ebola (local issue), the most widely used media were local radio stations, while for the presidential elections (national issue) they were firstly national radio stations.<BR>- Respondent local journalists agree on reference radios at the national and international level (Radio Okapi, Top Congo, RFI).<BR>- Social networks are largely used by local journalists as sources of information.<BR>- Facebook is the most widely used social network by the population of the DRC, followed by Twitter to a lesser extent. <BR>- The most shared sites and opinion on WhatsApp are more local in scope than the ones shared via Twitter. Data also indicate that WhatsApp is rather used by the community at the local level for information about daily processes.<BR>- Social media plays an important role in spreading false rumours.</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-VARIANT: normal; FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #000000; FONT-STYLE: normal; LINE-HEIGHT: normal"><BR><BR><BR></DIV></SPAN></BODY></HTML>