[Debatte-Grundeinkommen] BIEN NewsFlash 34, July 2005

[Yannick Vanderborght]

BIEN - BASIC INCOME EARTH NETWORK

www.basicincome.org

The Basic Income Earth Network was founded in 1986 as the Basic Income 
European Network. It expanded its scope from Europe to the Earth in 2004. 
It serves as a link between individuals and groups committed to or 
interested in basic income, and fosters informed discussion on this topic 
throughout the world.
_____

NewsFlash 34, July 2005

BIEN's NewsFlash is mailed electronically every two months to over 1000 
subscribers throughout the world.
Requests for free subscription are to be sent to bien at basicincome.org
Items for inclusion or review in future NewsFlashes are to be sent to 
Yannick Vanderborght, newsletter editor, UCL, Chaire Hoover, 3 Place 
Montesquieu, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium, vanderborght at etes.ucl.ac.be
The present NewsFlash has been prepared with the help of Jurgen De 
Wispelaere, Sandra Gonzalez, René Heeskens, Eri Noguchi, Paul Nollen, 
Daniel Raventós, Philippe Van Parijs, Julie Warkand, and Karl Widerquist.
_____

*** !!! Please note that, due to technical problems, BIEN's Secretariat has 
not been able to reply to e-mails that have been sent to 
bien at basicincome.org during the past 6 weeks. If you did send an e-mail 
during this period, please send it again to the very same address. Thank 
you for your understanding. !!! ***

CONTENTS

1. Editorial

2. Events
*ERFURT (DE), 21-24 July 2005: German Social Forum.
*VIENNA (AT), 7-9 October 2005: Congress on basic income.
*VALENCIA (ES), 20 ­ 21 October 2005: Fifth Symposium on Basic Income.
*INTERNET: Global Income Foundation has launched a renovated website.

3. Glimpses of national debates
BELGIUM: RENEWED ATTENTION TO BASIC INCOME?
ISRAEL: SHARON AND NETANYAHU FOR A NEGATIVE INCOME TAX?
SPAIN: HEATED EXCHANGES ON BASIC INCOME IN THE NATIONAL PRESS
UNITED KINGDOM: GUERNSEY GREENS FOR BASIC INCOME

4. Publications
*English
*German
*Italian
*Slovenian
*Spanish

5. About the Basic Income Earth Network
_____

1. EDITORIAL

In the past two months, national debates in Belgium and in Spain have 
pushed basic income towards the front-page of newspapers. In Belgium a new 
introductory booklet on the idea, and in Spain the presentation of a bill 
proposing the implementation of a basic income for all citizens, invited 
the usual stream of opposition arguments against basic income. In both 
countries, however, the national media gave ample attention to both 
advocates and opponents of the idea. While some undoubtedly may grow tired 
of repeating the same points all over again, perhaps the ensuing process of 
constantly and tirelessly clarifying, revising or reformulating the main 
arguments in favour of the basic income ideal ultimately benefits its 
political feasibility. After all, what does not defeat us makes us 
stronger. The growing numbers of basic income advocates, including BIEN's 
core membership, continue to provide the network with the sort of 
information that, via our NewsFlashes, can be used to strengthen these 
arguments.

BIEN's Executive Committee


2. EVENTS

ERFURT (DE), 21-24 July 2005: German Social Forum.
In recent years, "social fora" have been held in various countries as 
popular alternatives to Davos' World Economic Forum. Basic income has often 
been one of the topics of discussion. This has been the case again in 
Erfurt on Friday 22 July 2005, during the German social forum. The German 
network "Netzwerk Grundeinkommen" organized one day of debate with social 
scientists, representatives of trade-unions, and political actors, and 
presented basic income as an alternative to current welfare reforms in Germany.
For further information, please contact Robert Ulmer (Robert.Ulmer at gmx.de).

VIENNA (AT), 7-9 October 2005: Basic Income Congress.
In collaboration with the German basic income network ("Netzwerk 
Grundeinkommen"), as well as the German and Austrian sections of ATTAC, the 
Austrian basic income network ("Netzwerk Grundeinkommen und sozialer 
Zusammenhalt" - all details on national networks can be found at the end of 
this NewsFlash) is organizing an international conference on basic income 
in the Austrian capital Vienna, where BIEN held its Congress in 1996. 
Plenary speakers will include, among others, Brazilian senator and co-chair 
of BIEN Eduardo Suplicy and Philippe van Parijs (Louvain & Harvard). 
Workshops (in German) will offer the possibility of discussing most aspects 
of the basic income debate.
For further information, please visit http://www.grundeinkommen2005.org/ or 
contact Margit Appel at "margit.appel at ksoe.at"

VALENCIA (ES), 20-21 October 2005: Fifth Symposium on Basic Income.
As already announced in NewsFlash 33, the Spanish Basic Income Network (Red 
Renta Básica) is organizing the Fifth Symposium on Basic Income in Valencia 
on 20-21 October 2005. The First Symposium was organized by the network in 
June 2001, and the event has been held annually since then. All 
specifications and rules for applying to the 12,000-euro grant offered by 
Red Renta Básica are available at www.redrentabasica.org and 
www.uv.es/rentabasica.

INTERNET: Global Income Foundation renovates its website.
The Global Basic Income Foundation, founded in 2000, has recently launched 
a new website. The site contains a brief overview of arguments that support 
the introduction of a global basic income and a FAQ page which gives more 
detailed answers to questions about ethical foundations and funding 
possibilities. Other pages include facts on poverty and hunger, links to 
information and other organisations advocating a global or national basic 
income, and some information about the GBI Foundation itself.
The GBI Foundation argues for the introduction of a global basic income, 
but also advocates for a national basic income in different countries. A 
global basic income is not presented as a substitute for national social 
security systems, certainly not in the short run, but as a necessary 
addition. Apart from the ethical and economic arguments that are commonly 
used to argue for a basic income, three specific arguments are given by the 
GBI Foundation for the introduction of a global basic income: 1. humanity 
as a whole has a responsibility to end extreme poverty and hunger; 2. the 
need for a global framework of social security; 3. the advancement of 
global awareness.
The introduction of a global basic income, the Foundation stresses, would 
first have to be targeted at eradicating extreme poverty. Because this is 
defined by the international community as having less than $1 a day to 
spend, the Foundation advocates a global basic income of $1 a day as an 
intermediate target. Such a basic income, however small for people in rich 
countries, would greatly increase the income of the poorest 1.1 billion 
people, and also of the 1.6 billion more who have less than $2 a day to spend.
A global basic income is advocated by the GBI Foundation as a right of 
every human being. The plea is foremost based on ethical values - life, 
freedom and justice - rather than on economic arguments. The introduction 
of a basic income, however, is also argued for from a more pragmatic 
perspective, as an important next step for humanity, which would not only 
end extreme poverty, but also give the international community the 
necessary cohesion and strength to tackle other global problems.
For further information, see www.globalincome.org


3. GLIMPSES OF NATIONAL DEBATES

BELGIUM: RENEWED ATTENTION TO BASIC INCOME?
On the occasion of the publication of "L'allocation universelle", an 
introductory book on basic income by Philippe Van Parijs and Yannick 
Vanderborght (see NewsFlash 32), the Belgian media seem to be paying 
renewed attention to the idea, at least in the French-speaking part of the 
country. On Sunday June 12, 2005, both authors were invited to talk for one 
hour about basic income in a live broadcast of the public radio RTBF. On 
June 22, 2005, one of the main Francophone daily newspapers, "La Libre 
Belgique", published a double-page debate on the topic. Van Parijs and 
Vanderborght restated some of the arguments presented in their essay, and 
tried to show their relevance in the Belgian context. Three intellectuals 
were asked to give their opinion on the feasibility and desirability of the 
proposal. Claudine Leleux (University of Brussels) argued in favour of 
basic income and explained why she feels most attracted by a version of the 
idea defended by Jean-Marc Ferry, a French but Brussels-based philosopher. 
The two others were much more skeptical. Jean-Marie Harribey (University of 
Bordeaux IV and member of the Scientific Council of ATTAC) criticized the 
idea of disconnecting work and income, arguing that the left should rather 
go for full employment. Paul Palsterman (scientific council of Belgium's 
main trade-union CSC-ACV) argued that basic income proponents were too 
skeptical about the remaining possibilities of collective action in the 
field of welfare. Finally, on July 9, 2005, the picture of the front cover 
of the popular weekly "Télé Moustique" featured a typical manager in his 
three-piece suit, lounging on the beach. It ran as a title: "Tomorrow, paid 
to do nothing?" While in a long piece a journalist presented the basic 
income idea and the international debate, including a reference to the 
Alaskan Permanent Fund Dividend, in a short interview unionist Paul 
Palsterman restated again some of his main objections. "The BI proponents", 
he said, "might be good science-fiction authors, but they are bad 
philosophers."

ISRAEL: SHARON AND NETANYAHU FOR A NEGATIVE INCOME TAX?
On July 21, 2005, the "Globes Online" (Israel's business electronic 
newspaper) reported that Prime Minister Ariel Sharon had instructed 
Minister of Finance Benjamin Netanyahu to formulate a so-called "negative 
income tax" (NIT) proposal. If the cabinet approves Ariel Sharon'sdecision 
on the matter at its meeting on August 7, 2005, the NIT would come into 
effect no earlier than January 2007, since the Israel Tax Authority needs 
18 months to prepare from the date of decision. As a matter of fact, 
despite its name the Israelian NIT would rather look like the American 
Earned Income Tax Credit (EITC), since it would only apply to low income 
wage-earners with salaries below the tax threshold.
For further information see http://www.globes.co.il/

SPAIN: HEATED EXCHANGES ON BASIC INCOME IN THE NATIONAL PRESS
On June 15, 2005, the Spanish economic daily newspaper Expansión devoted 
its cover article as well as its editorial and three or four additional 
pages to the idea of a basic income or citizen's income ("renta básica de 
ciudadanía"). This coincided with the bill presented by ERC (Esquerra 
Republicana de Catalunya: a pro-independence, leftist and republican party) 
and ICV (Iniciativa per Catalunya Verds: an eco-socialist and leftist 
organisation), both in the tripartite Government of Catalonia, proposing 
the implementation of a basic income for all citizens in Spain. Most of the 
articles trumpeted the evils that, like biblical plagues, would descend on 
the country if BI were to be introduced: "irrationality", "food for 
indolence", "shock to the basic structures of the country", failure of the 
"culture of effort and personal improvement", "perversion of any idea of 
justice", "capital mistakes", "new religious faith","freedom-killing 
proposal". Some of the Expansión columnists had previously written against 
basic income. In its Revista de Libros (issue 50, 2001), for instance, one 
of them predicted that "no political party ... has contemplated proposing 
this subsidy, not even as a long term objective". Yet, not just one but the 
three political parties forming the majority in the Spanish and Catalan 
parliaments have already initiated serious study as a prelude to the legal 
process of introducing BI.
On June 20, 2005, Expansión published a much shortened version of a reply 
by Daniel Raventós, Professor at the University of Barcelona and chairman 
of the Spanish Network Red Renta Basica. In his reply, entitled "A Defence 
of the Basic Income of Citizenship", Raventós first stresses that most 
objections to BI appearing in the pages of Expansión were actually 
formulated more than two decades ago. Subsequently, he tries to tackle some 
of the most common of these objections, including the idea that "people 
would not work with a BI". He also addresses the economic aspects of the 
discussion, referring to more detailed studies ("La Renta Básica de 
ciudadanía" (Icaria, 2004), written by R. Pinilla; and "La Renda Bàsicade 
Ciutadania. Una proposta viable per a Catalunya" (Mediterrànea, 2005) 
written by J. Arcarons, À. Boso, J. A. Noguera and D. Raventós). "Are these 
definitive studies?",  Raventós asks at the end of his article. "They are 
certainly not, but they do show that the best remedy against prejudice is 
detailed and meticulous empirical analysis".
For further information, see Expansión's website at 
http://www.expansiondirecto.com/
The full version of Raventos' reply can be found at 
http://www.nodo50.org/redrentabasica/index.php

UNITED KINGDOM: GUERNSEY GREENS FOR BASIC INCOME
A small group of activists, The "Friends of the Earth Guernsey", has 
published a statement advocating the introduction of a partial basic income 
on the British island of Guernsey (30 miles west of the Normandy coast, 
60,000 inhabitants). They argue that a basic income could not be 
implemented in the short term, but that the principle should already be 
applied on a smaller scale, for instance by recycling some ecotaxes as 
ecobonuses, at least to recognize "every member of the community's equal 
share of the island's ecological space". Referring to the Irish Green Paper 
on basic income (2002), they present some key figures and try to estimate 
the total cost of such a scheme. For further information, see 
http://www.foeg.org.uk/etr.htm


4.PUBLICATIONS

*ENGLISH

STANDING, Guy (ed.) (2005). Promoting Income Security as a Right: Europe 
and North America. London: Anthem Press, paperback, 601pp., ISBN: 1 84331 
151 8  Price: £24.95.
The publication of this volume was already announced in NewsFlash 28 (July 
2004), but due to printing errrors that required the publishers to pulp the 
first print run, it has just come out again. It consists in a broad 
selection of the papers presented during BIEN's ninth international 
congress (Geneva, 2002). Never before had such a large number of 
contributions to a BIEN congress been published together. With no less than 
34 chapters, the book offers an comprehensive picture of the many topics 
discussed at both the plenary and parallel sessions as they relate to the 
more developed countries. Starting with a detailed introductory chapter by 
Guy Standing, director of the ILO's Programme on Socio-Economic Security 
and master-mind of the congress, it argues that there should be 
a  guaranteed basic income as a citizenship right, paid to each individual, 
regardless of marital status, work status, age or sex.  Some chapters argue 
that existing selective schemes for income protection are ineffectual, 
costly and misleading; other  chapters present alternative rationales and 
philosophical  justifications for moving towards a new form of universalism 
based  on citizenship economic rights. The chapters are organized into five 
sections: "Basic Income as a Right" (with contributions by Anthony 
Atkinson, Raymond Plant, Claus Offe, Roswitha Pioch and  Ron Dore, 
"Rationales for Basic Income" (with contributions by Rosamund Stock, Sibyl 
Schwarzenbach, Michael Howard,  Michael Krätke, Torsten Meireis, Alan Dyer 
and Jørn Loftager, "Legitimizing Basic Income Politically" (with 
contributions by Steven Shafarman,  Stefan Liebig and Steffen Mau, Daniel 
Raventós and David Casassas, Wolfgang Strengmann-Kuhn, José Noguera and 
Daniel Raventós, Jan Otto Andersson and Olli Kangas,  Nanna Kildal and 
Stein Kuhnle, Sabine Stadler, Andrea Fumagalli, Pascale Vielle and Pierre 
Walthery, "Building Towards Basic Income" (with contributions by Theresa 
Funiciello, Michael Opielka, Erik Christensen,  Christine le Clainche, 
Gianluca Busilacchi, and "National and Regional Initiatives" (with 
contributions by Luis Sanzo-González,  Claude Gamel, Didier Balsan and 
Josiane Vero,  Karl Widerquist, Simon Wigley, Scott Goldsmith, Joel 
Handler). The chapter by Scott Goldsmith, in the final section, gives an 
informative account of the only existing basic income scheme on earth, the 
Alaska Permanent Fund Dividend. But the whole volume gives a lively picture 
of the current state of discussion in many "Northern" countries, from the 
angle of several disciplines.
Editor's address: <GuyStanding at compuserve.com>. Publisher's website: 
http://www.anthempress.com/

*GERMAN

LIEBERMANN, Sascha (2005). Freiheit statt Vollbeschäftigung: Grundeinkommen 
als Ausweg aus der Krise. UtopieKreativ 176, June 2005, pp.525-533.
In this article entitled "Freedom Rather than Full Employment: A Basic 
Income as a Way Out of the Crisis", Sascha Liebermann calls for political 
freedom by means of an unconditional basic income for all citizens. He 
considers the present reform debate in Germany to indicate that the 
political community is in crisis. Instead of trying to find long-term 
solutions aimed at increasing the citizens' autonomy, all participants in 
this debate agree that more coercion and control are required. This 
attitude, the author argues, may not only be found in labor market policy. 
Even though the very idea of a democracy implies a reliance on responsible 
citizens, the political climate is pervaded by mistrust in the citizens' 
willingness to contribute their share to the common welfare.
Journal's website: http://www.rosalux.de/cms/index.php?id=6686
Author's address: S.Liebermann at freiheitstattvollbeschaeftigung.de

*ITALIAN

PERAZZOLI, Giovanni (2005). Una proposta minimalista: salario sociale per 
tutti. MicroMega, Labirinto italiano 3/2005, pp. 126-137.
Taken in a comparative perspective, Italy remains something as an exception 
in the field of social assistance. With no general minimum income scheme, 
the Peninsula is often described as a true welfare laggard. Perazzoli (from 
the "Istituto italiano per gli studi storici" in Naples) shares this point 
of view, and makes a vigorous plea for the introduction of a minimum income 
in Italy. Thus, despite its title ("A minimal proposal: a social wage for 
all"), a few references to the works of Gorz, Van Parijs, Negri, and an 
appraisal of BIEN, this paper does not constitute a defense of basic income 
as such.
Journal's address: via Cristoforo Colombo 149, 00147 Roma, tel. 06.865147134.

*SLOVENIAN

VAN PARIJS, Philippe (2004). Brezplacno kosilo za vse? Predlog 
univerzalnega temeljnega dohodka. Ljubljana: Zalozba Krtina , 2004, 171 p., 
ISBN 961-6174-71-1.
A full Slovenian translation of Philippe Van Parijs's "What's Wrong with a 
Free Lunch?" (Boston, Beacon Press, 2001) and of all the original comments 
(by Anne Alstott, Brian Barry, Claus Offe, Edmund Phelps, Herbert Simon, 
and others), supplemented by comments by a number of prominent Slovenian 
intellectuals (Joze Mencinger, Sreco Dragos, Tanja Rener, Janez Sustersic, 
Milan Zver).
Publisher's address: Hrenova 16, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia, krtina at siol.net, 
www.zalozbakrtina.si/kontakt.htm

*SPANISH

REY PEREZ, José Luis (2005). El derecho al trabajo y la propuesta del 
ingreso básico: perspectivas desde la crisis del estado de bienestar. 
Doctoral dissertation (dir.: Francisco Javier Ansuátegui Roig), Universdad 
Carlos III de Madrid, Instituto Universitario de Derechos Humanos 
"Bartolomé de las Casas", February 2005, 594p.
This dissertation by José Luis Perez (Universidad Pontificia Comillas de 
Madrid & Universdad Carlos III de Madrid) was successfully defended on June 
15, 2005. It analyses the crisis of the Welfare State not as a financial 
break but as the break of a system of guarantees designed to satisfy the 
social rights. In fact, the main aspect of Social State is the recognition 
of the social, economic and cultural rights. In this sense, the Welfare 
State is a specific historical model of Social State. After World War II, 
the main institution of the welfare systems was the right to work. That 
right was interpreted as the right to have a job, because in those years 
labour market worked as a guarantee to social recognition.
This dissertation is an argument in favour of a new perception of 'right to 
work', understood as the right to social inclusion. To reach this goal, it 
demands a new concept of work, wider than the one market considers now. 
Therefore, work is identified with all activity carried out by human beings 
in which they combine their intelligence with their physical strength, 
their creativity with their capabilities, and it always implies interaction 
with other people. The full employment was the central guarantee to the 
right to social insertion during the development of the Welfare State. 
Nowadays, this guarantee is not attained due to the crisis of the labour 
market. This study expresses the need for the distinction between rights 
and duties on the one hand, and guarantees on the other. The guarantees are 
those institutions which make the content of rights real and effective. The 
key element of guarantees is the effectiveness; therefore, effectiveness is 
not an element of the concept of human rights.
As labour market cannot be a guarantee to the right to social inclusion, 
this dissertation analyses basic income as a possible new guarantee to this 
right. The dissertation is structured in four chapters that have been the 
four key points of the research. In the first one, it is studied the 
differences between Social and Welfare State and the origin, evolution and 
crisis of this one. The second chapter studies the right to work as the 
central guarantee of the welfare state. It is distinguished this right from 
the freedom to work and the labour rights arguing for an interpretation of 
the right to work as the right to social inclusion. The third chapter talks 
about basic income and the discussions about it, studying the normative and 
pragmatic arguments offered to support it. Finally, the last chapter tries 
to translate in legal terms what has been studied from philosophical, 
political and sociological perspectives in the previous chapters to 
conclude that the basic income can be interpreted as a new guarantee to the 
right to work understood as the right to social insertion.
For further information and a longer version of the English abstract, 
please contact the author at jlrey at der.upco.es

BERTOMEU, María Julia, DOMENECH, Antoni, and RAVENTOS, Daniel (2005). La 
propuesta de la Renta Básica de Ciudadanía. El Dipló (Le Monde 
Diplomatique, edición argentia), issue 73, July 2005, and Le Monde 
Diplomatique edición chilena, issue 54, July 2005.
This introductory article starts with a useful clarification of the 
relevant differences between basic income and conditional assistance 
benefits. It discusses possibilities of financing the reform, and analyzes 
basic income as a way to counter neo-liberal attacks on the welfare state.
The article is available online at 
http://www.nodo50.org/redrentabasica/textos/index.php?x=418


5. ABOUT THE BASIC INCOME EARTH NETWORK

5.1. BIEN's  executive committee

Co-chair:
Eduardo SUPLICY esuplicy at senado.gov.br, Federal Senator, Sao Paulo, Brazil
Guy STANDING guystanding at compuserve.com, director of the Social and 
Economic Security Programme, International Labour Office, Geneva, Switzerland
Regional co-ordinators:
Eri NOGUCHI en16 at columbia.edu, Columbia University, New York, USA
Ingrid VAN NIEKERK ivanniekerk at epri.org.za, Economic Policy Research 
Institute, Cape Town, South Africa
Secretary:
David CASASSAS casassas at eco.ub.es, Universidad de Barcelona, Spain
Newsletter editor:
Yannick VANDERBORGHT vanderborght at etes.ucl.ac.be, Université catholique de 
Louvain, Belgium
Website manager:
Jurgen DE WISPELAERE jurgen.dewispelaere at ucd.ie, University College Dublin, 
Ireland
Women's Officer and Fund Raiser:
Louise HAAGH, lh11 at york.ac.uk , Department of Politics, University of York, 
United Kingdom
Treasurer:
Karl WIDERQUIST Karl at Widerquist.com, Lady Margaret Hall, Oxford, UnitedKingdom

5.2. BIEN's international board

Chair: Philippe Van Parijs

Former members of BIEN's Executive Committee:
Alexander de Roo
Edwin Morley-Fletcher
José Noguera
Claus Offe
Ilona Ostner
Steven Quilley
Robert J. van der Veen
Walter Van Trier
Lieselotte Wohlgenannt

Representatives of national networks:
Ruben Lo Vuolo for the Red Argentina de Ingreso Ciudadano (AR)
Margit Appel for the Netzwerk Grundeinkommen und sozialer Zusammenhalt (AT)
N for the Rede Brasileira de Renda Básica de Ciudadania (BR)
Jørg Gaugler for the Borgerlønsbevægelsen (DK)
Katrin Mohr, Wolfgang Strengmann-Kuhn, and Wolfram Otto for the Netzwerk 
Grundeinkommen (DE)
John Baker for BIEN Ireland (IE)
Loek Groot for the Vereniging Basisinkomen (NL)
Daniel Raventos for the Red Renta Básica (ES)
Bridget Dommen for BIEN Switzerland (CH)
Malcolm Torry for the Citizen's Income Trust (UK)
Michael Lewis for USBIG (US)

5.3. Recognised national networks

ARGENTINA: Red Argentina de Ingreso Ciudadano
Founded in March 2004
www.ingresociudadano.org
President: Ruben Lo Vuolo
redaic at ingresociudadano.or

AUSTRIA: Netzwerk Grundeinkommen und sozialer Zusammenhalt
Founded in October 2002
www.grundeinkommen.at
Coordinator: Margit Appel redaktion at ksoe.at

BRAZIL: Rede Brasileira de Renda Básica de Ciudadania
Founded in September 2004
Provisional co-ordinator: Eduardo Suplicy
eduardo.suplicy at senador.gov.br

DENMARK: Borgerlønsbevægelsen
Founded in January 2000
www.borgerloen.dk
President: Jørg Gaugler
per at borgerloen.dk

GERMANY: Netzwerk Grundeinkommen
Founded in July 2004
www.grundeinkommen.de
Spokespersons: Ronald Blaschke, Katja Kipping, Katrin Mohr,
Guenther Soelken, Robert Ulmer, Birgit Zenker, kontakt at grundeinkommen.de
Contact persons: Katrin Mohr (kmohr at gwdg.de), Wolfgang Strengmann-Kuhn
(strengmann at wiwi.uni-frankfurt.de), and Wolfram Otto (wolframotto at web.de).

IRELAND: BIEN Ireland
Founded in March 1995
Coordinator: John Baker
John.Baker at ucd.ie
Equality Studies Centre
University College Dublin
Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
Tel.: +353-1-716 7104, Fax: +353-1-716 1171

NETHERLANDS: Vereniging Basinkomen
Founded in October 1987 (initially as "Werklplaats Basisinkomen")
www.basisinkomen.nl / E-mail: info at basisinkomen.nl
Coordinator: Guido den Broeder
Igor Stravinskisingel 50
3069MA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
Tel.: +31 10-4559538 or +31 70-3859268

SPAIN:  Red Renta Basica
Founded in February 2001
www.redrentabasica.org
President: Daniel Raventos
presidencia at redrentabasica.org or danielraventos at ub.edu
Universitat de Barcelona,
Facultat d'Economiques
Departament de Teoria Sociologica i Metodologia de les Ciencies SocialsAvda.
Diagonal 690, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
Tel.: +34.93.402.90.51, Fax: +34.93.322.65.54

SWITZERLAND: BIEN Switzerland
Founded in September 2002
President: Pierre Hrold c/o Jean-Daniel Jimenez
jean-da.jimenez at bluewin.ch
39, rue Louis-Favre 1201 Geneva
Tel.: +41 22 733 41 09 or +41 78 847 47 56

UNITED KINGDOM: Citizen's Income Trust
Founded in 1984 (initially as "Basic Income Research Group")
www.citizensincome.org
Director: Malcolm Torry info at citizensincome.org
Citizens Income Trust, P.O. Box 26586, London SE3 7WY, United Kingdom.
Tel.: 44-20-8305 1222 Fax: 44-20-8305 1802

UNITED STATES: U.S. Basic Income Guarantee Network (USBIG)
Founded in December 1999
www.usbig.net
Coordinator: Karl Widerquist Karl at Widerquist.com

5.4. BIEN's life members and BIENEFACTORS

All life members of the Basic Income European Network, many of whom were 
non-Europeans, have automatically become life members of the Basic Income 
Earth Network.
To join them, just send your name and address (postal and electronic) to 
David Casassas  casassas at eco.ub.es, secretary of BIEN, and transfer EUR 100 
to BIEN's account 001 2204356 10 at FORTIS BANK (IBAN: BE41 0012 2043 
5610), 10 Rond-Point Schuman, B-1040 Brussels, Belgium. An acknowledgement 
will be sent upon receipt.
BIEN Life-members can become "BIENEFACTORS" by giving another 100Euros or 
more to the Network. The funds collected will facilitate the participation 
of promising BI advocates coming from developing countries or from 
disadvantaged groups.

BIENEFACTORS:
Joel Handler (US), Philippe Van Parijs (BE)

BIEN's Life Members:
James Meade (+), Gunnar Adler-Karlsson (SE), Maria Ozanira da Silva (BR), 
Ronald Dore (UK), Alexander de Roo (NL), Edouard Dommen (CH), Philippe Van 
Parijs (BE), P.J. Verberne (NL), Tony Walter (UK), Philippe Grosjean (BE), 
Malcolm Torry (UK), Wouter van Ginneken (CH), Andrew Williams (UK), Roland 
Duchâtelet (BE), Manfred Fuellsack (AT), Anne-Marie Prieels (BE), Philippe 
Desguin (BE), Joel Handler (US), Sally Lerner (CA), David Macarov (IL), 
Paul Metz (NL), Claus Offe (DE), Guy Standing (CH), Hillel Steiner (UK), 
Werner Govaerts (BE), Robley George (US), Yoland Bresson (FR), Richard 
Hauser (DE), Eduardo Matarazzo Suplicy (BR), Jan-Otto Andersson (FI), 
Ingrid Robeyns (UK), John Baker (IE), Rolf Kuettel (CH), Michael Murray 
(US), Carlos Farinha Rodrigues (PT), Yann Moulier Boutang (FR), Joachim 
Mitschke (DE), Rik van Berkel (NL), François Blais (CA), Katrin Töns(DE), 
Almaz Zelleke (US), Gerard Degrez (BE), Michael Opielka (DE), Lena Lavinas 
(BR), Julien Dubouchet (CH), Jeanne Hrdina (CH), Joseph Huber (DE), Markku 
Ikkala (FI),  Luis Moreno (ES), Rafael Pinilla (ES), Graham Taylor (UK), W. 
Robert Needham (CA), Tom Borsen Hansen (DK), Ian Murray (US), Peter 
Molgaard Nielsen (DK), Fernanda Rodrigues (PT), Helmut Pelzer (DE), Rod 
Dobell (CA), Walter Van Trier (BE), Loek Groot (NL), Andrea Fumagalli (IT), 
Bernard Berteloot (FR), Jean-Pierre Mon (FR), Angelika Krebs (DE), Ahmet 
Insel (FR), Alberto Barbeito (AR), Rubén Lo Vuolo (AR), Manos Matsaganis 
(GR), Jose Iglesias Fernandez (ES), Daniel Eichler (DE), Cristovam Buarque 
(BR), Michael Lewis (US), Clive Lord (UK), Jean Morier-Genoud (FR), Eri 
Noguchi (US), Michael Samson (ZA), Ingrid van Niekerk (ZA), Karl Widerquist 
(US), Al Sheahen (US), Christopher Balfour (AND), Jurgen De Wispelaere 
(UK), Wolf-Dieter Just (DE), Zsuzsa Ferge (HU), Paul Friesen (CA), Nicolas 
Bourgeon (FR), Marja A. Pijl (NL), Matthias Spielkamp (DE), Frédéric 
Jourdin (FR), Daniel Raventós (ES), Andrés Hernández (CO), GuidoErreygers 
(BE), Alain Tonnet (BE), Stephen C. Clark (US), Wolfgang Mundstein (AT), 
Evert Voogd (NL), Frank Thompson (US), Lieselotte Wohlgenannt (AT), Jose 
Luis Rey Pérez (ES), Jose Antonio Noguera (ES), Esther Brunner (CH), Irv 
Garfinkel (US), Claude Macquet (BE), Bernard Guibert (FR), Margit Appel 
(AT), Simo Aho (FI), Francisco Ramos Martin (ES), Brigid Reynolds (IE), 
Sean Healy (IE), Maire Mullarney (IE), Patrick Lovesse (CH), Jean-Paul 
Zoyem (FR), GianCarlo Moiso (IT), Martino Rossi (CH), Pierre Herold (CH), 
Steven Shafarman (US), Leonardo Fernando Cruz Basso (BR), Wolfgang 
Strenmann-Kuhn (DE), Anne Glenda Miller (UK), Lowell Manning (NZ), Dimitris 
Ballas (GR), Gilberte Ferrière (BE), Louise Haagh (DK), Michael Howard 
(US), Simon Wigley (TR), Erik Christensen (DK), David Casassas (ES), Paul 
Nollen (BE), Vriend(inn)en Basisinkomen (NL), Christophe Guené (BE), Alain 
Massot (CA), Marcel Bertrand Paradis (CA), NN (Geneve, CH), Marc 
Vandenberghe (BE), Gianluca Busilacchi (IT), Robert F. Clark (US), Theresa 
Funiciello (US), Al Boag & Sue Williams (AU), Josef Meyer (BE), Alain Boyer 
(CH), Jos Janssen (NL), Collectif Charles Fourier (+), Bruce Ackerman (US), 
Victor Lau (CA), Konstantinos Geormas (GR), Pierre Feray (FR), Christian 
Brütsch (CH), Phil Harvey (US), Toru Yamamori (JP), René Keersemaker(NL), 
Manuel Franzmann (DE), Ovidio Carlos de Brito (BR), Bernard De Crum (NL), 
Katja Kipping (DE), Jan Beaufort (DE), Christopher Mueller (DE), Bradley 
Nelson (US) [153].